Chrysanthemums, sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. They are native to Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the center of diversity is in China. There are countless horticultural varieties and cultivars. The name "chrysanthemum" is derived from the Ancient Ancient greek:?????? chrysos (gold) and Aged Greek:??????? anthemon (flower).
Taxonomy
The genus once included more species, but was break up several decades ago into several genera, putting the economically important florist's chrysanthemums in the genus Dendranthema. The naming of the genera has been good, but a ruling of the International Botanical Congress in 1999 changed the defining species of the genus to Chrysanthemum indicum, restoring the florist's chrysanthemums to the genus Chrysanthemum.The other species previously included in the narrow view of the genus Chrysanthemum are now used in the genus Glebionis. The other overal separate from Chrysanthemum include Argyranthemum, Leucanthemopsis, Leucanthemum, Rhodanthemum, and Tanacetum.
Description
Crazy Chrysanthemum taxa are herbaceous perennial plants or subshrubs. They have alternately organized leaves divided into booklets with toothed or occasionally smooth edges. The compound inflorescence is an array of several flower mind, or sometimes an one head. The head has a base covered in layers of phyllaries. The simple row of beam florets are white, orange or red; many horticultural specimens have been carefully bred to bear many rows of ray florets in a great variety of colors. The disc florets of wild taxa are yellow. The fruit is a ribbed achene. Chrysanthemums, also known as 'mums', are one of the lovliest varieties of perennials that start blooming early in the fall. This is also known as favorite flower for the month of November.
Modern cultivated chrysanthemums are showier than their wild relatives. The flower heads occur in various forms, and can be daisy-like or decorative, like aigrette or buttons. This genus contains many hybrids and thousands of cultivars developed for horticultural purposes. Besides the traditional yellow, other colors are available, such as white, purple, and red. The most important hybrid is Chrysanthemum x morifolium (syn. C. x grandiflorum), derived mainly from C. indicum, but also involving other types.Over 140 varieties of chrysanthemum have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Prize of Garden Merit.
Chrysanthemums are divided into two basic groups, garden hardy and exhibition. Garden hardy moms are new perennials capable of wintering in most northern latitudes. Exhibition types are not usually as sturdy. Garden hardies are defined by their capability to generate an abundance of small blooms with little if any mechanical assistance, such as staking, and withstanding wind and rain. Exhibition varieties, though, require staking, overwintering in a relatively dry, cool environment, and sometimes digging in night time lights.
The exhibition varieties can be used to create many amazing plant forms, such as large disbudded blooms, spray forms, and many artistically trained forms, such as thousand-bloom, standard (trees), fans, hanging baskets, topiary, bonsai, and cascades.
Chrysanthemum blooms are divided into 10 different bloom forms by the US National Chrysanthemum Society, Inc., which is in keeping with the international category system. The bloom forms are defined by the way in which the ray and disk florets are arranged. Chrysanthemum blossoms are composed of many individual flowers (florets), each one capable of manufacturing a seed. The disk florets are in the center of the bloom head, and the ray florets are on the perimeter. The ray florets are viewed as not perfect flowers, as they only possess the female successful organs, while the disk florets are considered perfect flowers, as they have got both male and male reproductive organs.
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